+A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. iU A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. %%EOF Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. Introduction HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. 2. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. 2 %PDF-1.6 % Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. Most African . a. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). Resume watching the video until Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Description. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. a. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. AQ` n& In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Let's Go! This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. 6. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants 254 0 obj <> endobj Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. endstream endobj startxref It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. 6. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. PART 2: Video Activity . Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. 0 This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Watch the . This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. 0 Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. 3. a. Video Activity 7. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. hb```lRB Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. Scientists . Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. 0 But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. View details . ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, %PDF-1.6 % This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. Watch the . The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. 318 0 obj <>stream D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. 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